Kiranjit K. Joshi, Richard Prince, Aris Siafarikas
Optimising peak bone mass during skeletal growth is paramount to preventing future fractures and osteoporosis later in life. The primary modifiable factors are physical activity, a healthy diet and treatment of any underlying conditions.
Diabetic kidney disease is increasingly prevalent in Australia. A range of therapies are available to halt its progression and improve quality of life in affected patients. Comprehensive management of patients with diabetic kidney disease includes appropriate medications, lifestyle modifications and dietary changes.
Advances in investigation and management include improved strategies for detecting type 2 diabetes and monitoring for complications. New medications can improve glycaemia, promote weight loss and provide cardiac and kidney protection.
Diagnosis of hypothyroidism in older people is complicated by the expected increase in thyroid stimulating hormone level that occurs with age. Features can also overlap with symptoms arising from concurrent chronic illnesses, making it difficult to distinguish between the normal effects of ageing and true thyroid dysfunction.
This case study describes a 49-year-old woman who presents with irregular and heavy periods, disturbed sleep and increasing anxiety and stress levels. Lifestyle recommendations, treatment options to manage irregular and heavy periods and her contraceptive needs are discussed.
