With appropriate stress-hormone replacement, patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) can lead near-normal lives. However, the nonspecific symptoms can delay diagnosis, and all require education and vigilance to prevent life-threatening adrenal crisis.
Osteoporosis is common in men; however, it is often overlooked and remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Bone mineral density assessment for men aged 70 years and older and those with a previous fracture is essential. Optimal management includes preventive interventions and pharmacological therapies.
Thyroiditis is a challenging presentation in clinical practice, due to its variety of presentations, differential diagnoses and individualised treatments. This article provides an overview of the many causes of thyroiditis and outlines an approach to their investigation and management.
Gastroparesis is a potentially debilitating illness that occurs at a higher prevalence in those with diabetes. Due its heterogeneous nature, diabetic gastroparesis is best managed in a multidisciplinary setting.
Pregnant women with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Routine questioning about a woman’s plans for pregnancy can enable appropriate preconception counselling and care to achieve euglycaemia and initiate appropriate management before pregnancy.
