November 2022

Menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for bothersome menopausal symptoms experienced by many women at midlife, with few risks and compelling evidence for short- and long-term physical and psychological health benefits.

Fractures in people with chronic kidney disease are common and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Management includes nonpharmacological strategies, correction of the underlying biochemical disturbances and use of antiosteoporosis therapies.

Patients with thyroid nodules are common in clinical practice, but most nodules are benign. The key is avoiding over-investigation of benign nodules while correctly identifying the few that may be thyroid cancer.